肠胃炎发作真要命，这些应急方法能有效缓解症状！2019-05-10大河网 Show
 大河网讯 “满30减15”的天气让我们的肠胃又进入了危险期，尤其是肠胃功能差的人，吃的不小心很容易产生肠胃问题，不消化、拉肚子等等，尤其是上班一族，工作压力大，久坐久站，饮食作息不规律，就会患上胃肠炎，郑州大学附属郑州中心医院消化内科主任吴慧丽为我们讲解肠胃炎疾病科普。 胃肠炎会出现哪些不良症状？ 吴慧丽介绍，胃肠炎多数是细菌感染和病毒所致，主要表现为：(1)起病急，恶心、呕吐频繁，剧烈腹痛，频繁腹泻，多为水样便，可含有未消化食物，少量粘液，甚至血液等；(2)有暴饮暴食或吃不洁腐败变质食物史；(3)常有发热、头痛、全身不适及程度不同的中毒症状；(4)呕吐、腹泻严重者，可有脱水、酸中毒，甚至休克等；(5)体征不明显，上腹及脐周有压痛，无肌紧张及反跳痛，肠鸣音多亢进；此外，头痛、发热、寒颤和肌肉痛也是常见症状，少数严重病例，由于频繁呕吐及腹泻，可出现脱水。 急性肠胃炎应急措施 急性肠胃炎了，该怎么办呢？吴慧丽说，肠胃炎是一种很常见的胃肠道疾病，一般非为急性肠胃炎和慢性肠胃炎，应该从以下方面应对。一、要保证充分休息。 充分休息外，同时由于剧烈的呕吐和腹痛,此时,需要适度禁食,对肠胃刺激的食物尤其应该禁止。二、补充水分。 当然,喝水不能只喝凉白开,可适当在温水里加点盐或糖,补充身体里的电解质,防止脱水。三、服用药物。 常用的止泻药是蒙脱石散。此外,因为剧烈呕吐对肠胃造成了损伤,必要时可以配合肠炎宁以及胃药(奥美拉唑,达喜等)温和服用。 急性肠胃炎适合吃什么 吴慧丽建议，急性肠胃炎患者一定要注意饮食，调理好肠胃。 一、稀粥类：稀粥类的食物绝对是得了急性肠胃炎的患者的最优选择。比如:小米粥、莲子粥、山药粥、南瓜粥等。因为急性肠胃炎患者本来就肠胃功能十分薄弱,不适合食用难消化的物质,以免加重肠胃负担,而使病情不易恢复。稀粥类属于流质食物,是很容易消化的。 二、菜汤：谈到急性肠胃炎患者适合吃什么,菜汤当然也是必不可少的。一方面,急性肠胃炎患者由于恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻等症状导致身体流失了不少水分和营养,菜汤可以适当地给患者补充水分和营养。另一方面,汤质的食物,很容易消化吸收,不会对胃肠黏膜产生不良刺激。比如说菠菜汤、莲藕汤,鸡蛋汤等,都是很不错的选择。 三、面食：相对于吃大米来说,其实吃面更适合肠胃不好的人。一是因为面食比较容易消化,这样胃酸就分泌得少,胃肠负担较轻。二是因为面条里面含有碱,其汤是很有营养的。（尧青 陈亚平） 编辑:陈思 腸胃炎為何找上我？Content What is gastroenteritis?Gastroenteritis, also known as gastro, is a condition causing inflammation of the lining of your large and small intestines and also your stomach. It can cause fever, vomiting, cramps and diarrhea. Gastroenteritis is usually highly contagious and can be contracted by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by viruses, bacteria or parasites, through contact with other infected people or through the fecal-oral route. Due to its usually highly-contagious nature, gastroenteritis can quickly spread through communities where close contact is inevitable, such as schools or nursing homes. You can also develop gastroenteritis by ingesting certain medications or chemical toxins. Healthy individuals usually recover from gastroenteritis without any medical intervention, but it can prove fatal to the elderly, frail or very young children. It is the main cause of diarrhea for both adults and children worldwide. CausesInfectious gastroenteritis is usually caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites. The most common way to become infected is by consuming contaminated food or water, or via the fecal-oral route, which involves contact with the fecal matter of an infected person that is transferred to the mouth. With infectious agents, such as bacteria or viruses, the invading germs cause the lining of the intestines to become inflamed and irritated. This inflammation stops water being absorbed and causes watery stools. VirusesViruses that can cause gastroenteritis include:
BacteriaBacteria usually find their way into your body via contaminated food or drinks that have been handled by unwashed hands. Common bacterial infections known to cause gastroenteritis are:
ParasitesIntestinal parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium can cause gastroenteritis with nausea, watery diarrhea and severe cramping. Poor hand washing, contact with animals and contaminated food are the usual modes of infection. Chemicals and toxinsIngesting water or foods tainted by heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium or arsenic and also ingestion of a range of plant, animal and chemical toxins can cause gastroenteritis. MedicationsCertain medications, such as magnesium-containing antacids, antibiotics, antiparasitic medication, laxatives and chemotherapy medication can cause gastroenteritis. Your doctor may recommend ceasing your medication temporarily or permanently, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Risk factorsGastroenteritis can affect you at any age, no matter where you are from, but the following factors can heighten your risk of being infected: AgeYoung children and babies are highly susceptible to gastroenteritis, as their immune systems are not fully developed. The elderly, especially those living in care homes, are also at greater risk of infection due to close proximity to others. Communal or public placesYou are at much greater risk of being infected with gastroenteritis if you are in close contact with other people on a daily basis. Weakened immunityYou are at greater risk if you have a weakened immune system due to ongoing illness, stroke, heart disease, chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS or medications that cause an immune deficiency. Poor hygienePoor hygiene and unsanitary food-handling methods make it easy for a wide range of microorganisms to make their way into the food chain. Bacteria from an infected person's stool can easily be passed to others if they do not wash their hands properly after using the bathroom. If they were to go swimming or touch objects such as communal door handles, they could infect numerous people without being aware of it. Travel to developing nationsMany travelers experience gastroenteritis while travelling through developing nations, where sanitation and food hygiene standards may be poor. Infectious agents may be present in drinking water, food and in communal areas such as bathrooms. Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms of gastroenteritis include:
Methods for diagnosisWhile the majority of cases go undiagnosed, your doctor may suggest the following to discover what is causing your gastroenteritis:
Types of treatmentThe majority of cases of gastroenteritis are advised to stay at home and rest, with no medical treatment offered. Laboratory-diagnosed parasites and some types of infectious bacteria will require medication. In some cases medication can also be used to help stop severe vomiting. Avoiding dehydration is the main priority, especially in very young children, the elderly or frail individuals. Hospitalization for dehydration is not uncommon and will involve insertion of an intravenous (IV) drip to get fluids back into your system. Home careWith home-care regimes, the following advice may be given:
MedicationsThe majority of cases of gastroenteritis do not require medication. Depending on the type of gastroenteritis diagnosed, your doctor may prescribe one of the following:
Potential complicationsThe main complications of gastroenteritis come from losing fluids (dehydration), which can quickly become life-threatening to small children and babies. If you are over 60 years of age, or have a cardiovascular condition such as heart disease, or a history of stroke, you can also become seriously ill after relatively short periods of diarrhea. Other complications may include:
PrognosisGastroenteritis is usually a short-term condition that doesn't tend to be serious for healthy adults, but can be serious and even fatal for less robust individuals. The amount of liquids lost during an episode can lead to severe dehydration, which can be life-threatening if you have a weakened immune system, are a young child or are elderly. PreventionHygiene is probably one of the most important factors in preventing gastroenteritis. Simple measures to ensure good hygiene include:
References
FAQ Frequently asked questionsRelated topicsAbout this articleTitle Gastroenteritis Author:Karen McCloskey BHSc First published: 23 Sep 2014 Last reviewed: 17 Jan 2022 Category: Gastroenteritis Rating: 4.4 out of 5 Votes: 1556 (Click smiley face below to rate) 肠胃炎哪里会痛？急性肠胃炎疼痛位置在腹部正中偏左或脐周压痛，呈阵发性加重或持续性的钝痛，伴腹部饱胀、不适。 少数病人出现剧痛的，肠鸣音多亢进。 急性肠胃炎的呕吐物为未消化食物，吐后感觉舒服，有的病人直至呕吐出黄色胆汁或胃酸。 急性肠胃炎患者会出现腹泻症状，随胃部症状好转停止，可为稀便和水样便。
肠胃炎腹痛怎么办？肠胃炎发作真要命，这些应急方法能有效缓解症状！. 要保证充分休息。 充分休息外，同时由于剧烈的呕吐和腹痛,此时,需要适度禁食,对肠胃刺激的食物尤其应该禁止。. 补充水分。 当然,喝水不能只喝凉白开,可适当在温水里加点盐或糖,补充身体里的电解质,防止脱水。. 肠胃炎如何治疗？在急性胃肠炎的治疗恢复过程中，要特别注意饮食，从少量、清淡、半流质的饮食开始，以防止脱水或治疗轻微的脱水。 逐渐控制进食的量，还应该避免食用冰镇、油炸等食物，以免加重病情。 尽量卧床休息，病情轻者口服葡萄糖--电解质液以补充体液的丢失。 如果持续呕吐或明显脱水，则需静脉补充5%～10%葡萄糖盐水及其他相关电解质。
肠胃炎会胃痛吗？病毒性胃肠炎的主要症状是腹泻和呕吐，病毒性胃肠炎患儿还可能出现以下症状： 发烧 胃痉挛或胃痛
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肠胃炎怎么引起的
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