新生儿多久醒一次？

照顧新生兒非常辛苦，除了要定時餵奶之外，有時半夜還要起來哄哭鬧的寶寶入睡。有些寶寶無論怎麼哄都不睡，有些卻是睡太久，造成喝奶的時間不足，不論哪種情況都讓父母傷透腦筋，以下介紹新生寶寶的睡覺時間，以及睡覺時應注意的事項，一起看看吧！

目錄 Show

新生寶寶的睡覺時間
如何幫助寶寶入睡？
寶寶睡覺 4 注意事項
新生儿一天睡几个小时？一张图，让你了解各月龄宝宝睡眠时间
How do newborns sleep?
How much will a newborn sleep?
What happens during newborn's sleep?
Why do newborns wake up so often?
'Problem sleepers'
Bedtime routine
Sleep training
Co-sleeping
A safe sleeping environment
Extreme parental emotions
FAQ Frequently asked questions
Related topics
About this article

新生寶寶的睡覺時間

美國國家睡眠基金會（National sleep foundation）表示，新生兒每天應睡 14~17 小時，有些可能會睡到 18~19 小時；寶寶在這段時間內，每隔幾個小時就會醒來喝奶。餵母奶的寶寶清醒次數較頻繁，每天大約餵 8~12 次；媽媽若是選擇配方奶，則約每 3~4 小時餵一次。通常在初期，寶寶易因睡太久而喝奶量不足，造成體重偏輕，建議每 3~4 小時就叫醒並餵奶，直到寶寶體重增加至正常為止（推薦閱讀：寶寶怎麼餵？母乳好處多但奶粉也OK）。此外，新生兒較容易在半夜醒來，而寶寶在 2~3 個月大後，便可開始連續睡上 5~6 小時，但這因人而異，有些寶寶要到六個月之後，才能一覺到天亮。

如何幫助寶寶入睡？

替寶寶建立規律的睡前儀式，如洗澡、換尿布，將寶寶放在床上後，調暗燈光、放點輕柔音樂，營造平靜的氣氛，有助於培養睡意。此外，平常最好別讓寶寶在喝奶或抱在懷裡時睡著，因為一旦習慣這種模式，之後可能都要人抱著才會入睡。專家建議，當寶寶在懷中出現想睡的跡象時，就把寶寶放在床上讓他們睡著，這可幫助寶寶學習自行入睡。（同場加映：了解嬰兒睡眠時間：睡前儀式讓寶寶乖乖睡）

寶寶睡覺 4 注意事項

為了預防嬰兒猝死症（Sudden infant death syndrome，簡稱 SIDS，即嬰兒睡覺時意外死亡）的情況發生，在準備讓寶寶睡覺時，請注意以下事項：

1. 正躺最安全：研究發現，嬰兒猝死症通常和趴睡（肚子朝下）的姿勢有關，因為這種姿勢較易造成窒息，所以專家們認為正躺（背朝下）著睡，才是最安全的。

2. 不睡軟床：一些研究指出，過度鬆軟的床墊、寶寶穿太多，都會增加嬰兒猝死的機率。

3. 嬰兒床不放雜物：別放額外的枕頭、被子、玩偶等東西，若需替寶寶蓋被子或在床上舖毯子，建議蓋在寶寶胸部以下的範圍就好。

4. 適時給奶嘴：有些研究結果顯示，使用安撫奶嘴的寶寶，發生嬰兒猝死症的機率較低，所以可視情況給寶寶吸安撫奶嘴，但這並非必須，也別強迫寶寶。（延伸閱讀：寶寶睡覺別含奶嘴～奶瓶性蛀牙請小心）

新生儿一天睡几个小时？一张图，让你了解各月龄宝宝睡眠时间

2018-03-14 10:23 来源: 松达天然母婴护肤

新生儿总在睡梦中。

是的，刚出生后的宝宝似乎只有两件事儿，吃、睡，但大多数时间都是在睡。我们常常会陷入担忧，忍不住将宝宝唤醒。其实大可不必这样，随着宝宝逐渐长大，活动时间会增多，睡眠会越来越少，以下我们来看一下各月龄宝宝睡眠时间：

不同年龄段睡眠时间表：

宝宝具体睡眠时间或多或少存在一定差异，家长不必太过担心。

0-3岁宝宝睡眠时间：

1、新生儿

生活中我们通常认为：新生儿期每天平均睡眠时间需要18小时(范围16～20 小时)，每个睡眠周期约45分钟，由一个睡眠周期进人另一个，每2～4小时醒来要吃奶，并睁开眼觉醒数分钟到1小时，昼夜节律尚未建立。

2、1～3个月

1～3个月小儿1天应睡16小时左右，除了吃奶、换尿布、玩一会儿，大部分时间就是睡觉。

3、4～6个月

4～6个月的婴儿每天睡眠时间应保证在14小时左右。

4、7～12个月

7～12个月的婴儿睡眠时间和睡觉的香甜程度因人而异。一般是上午睡1次，每次睡1～2个小时。下午睡1～2次，每次各睡1～2个小时。大多数处在这个年龄段的宝宝夜里还不能睡整觉，一般要起来小便2-3次。

5、1～3岁

1～3岁每天平均睡12～13小时，夜间能一夜睡到天亮，白天觉醒时间长，有固定的2～3次小睡时间。

夜间人体各器官工作时间：

1、21：00-23：00

免疫系统（淋巴）排毒，因此要让宝宝在九点之前上床睡觉。

2、23：00-1：00

肝的排毒，需在熟睡中进行

3、00：00-4：00

脊椎造血时段，必须熟睡，不宜熬夜

4、1：00-3：00

胆的排毒，需在熟睡中进行

5、3：00-5：00

肺的排毒，这也就是为什么人会在这段时间咳嗽得最厉害，若有咳嗽，此时不宜喝止咳水，免得抑制废积物的排出

6、5：00-7：00

大肠的排毒，此时就上厕所排便

8、7：00-9：00

小肠大量吸收营养的时段，应吃早餐

此外夜里22:00-2:00和早上5:00-7:00两个时间段是生长激素分泌旺盛期，这个时间段要尽量保证宝宝在熟睡中。

如何哄宝宝睡觉

1、宝宝刚睡着的时候，睡眠比较浅，家长可以轻轻拍宝宝的背，帮助宝宝快速睡眠。

2、新生儿睡觉时，妈妈可将宝宝处于背光一侧。宝宝在妈妈子宫的时候，光线是没有外边这么亮的。

3、不要吝啬自己的拥抱，给宝宝一个拥抱能给予宝宝充足的安全感，是一个不错的哄睡方法。，

4、晚上宝宝睡前，洗个温水澡，拿松达婴儿山茶给宝宝做个抚触，能促进宝宝睡眠；

5、宝宝年龄大点了可，白天带宝宝进行适当的外出活动，傍晚6—7点尽量不要让宝宝睡觉，多陪他玩。

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Content

How do newborns sleep?

The first weeks and months after bringing a new baby into the family can be a trying time. The newborn's sleep patterns often play a major part in the difficulties faced by new parents. Parents often find that their sleep schedules are thrown into confusion and are concerned about their newborn and their own sleep.

Newborn sleep patterns come in many forms and can vary widely between babies. A healthy newborn can sleep as little as nine hours a day, or as many as 20; the average is 16-18 hours. There is neither one 'right' pattern, nor is it a competition between babies or families. You will know that your newborn is sleeping enough if they are healthy and active during waking hours.

One large reason why sleep is such an issue in newborns is that newborn sleep patterns are very different to those of their parents. As a parent, it is important to understand that newborns do not sleep in the same way that adults do.

The infant has just arrived into this new, strange world. It is undergoing several processes at once:

Developing its brain and body at a very fast rate;
Learning new information about this new environment, and;
Physically adjusting to the new environment and its rhythms.

Thus, sleep in the newborn is a different activity than it is later in life.

How much will a newborn sleep?

Healthy newborns spend from nine to 20 hours a day in sleep throughout their first three months of life, with an average of 16-18 hours. These numbers drop off gradually as your baby grows. A one-year-old baby will sleep for 12-15 hours on average. [1] [2]

At first, your newborn can sleep anywhere and anytime, day and night. After 10-12 weeks, more mature sleep patterns begin to emerge. During the first three months or so, a baby's biological clock starts attuning itself to day-night cycles. They will wake one to three times a night on average. [1]

What happens during newborn's sleep?

Adults spend about a quarter of their sleep time in REM, or 'active' sleep, which is when we dream. Infants in the first three months of their life have a different pattern. They fall almost immediately into active sleep (REM) - eyes closed but moving, limbs moving and twitching. Breathing is often irregular (periodic) and can stop for up to 20 seconds.

Your newborn spends about half of its sleep time in active sleep. Active sleep is necessary for brain development. During sleep, the newborn brain is busy growing, developing and assimilating the information it has gathered while awake. Experiments show that newborns can even learn new things from their environment during sleep.

Why do newborns wake up so often?

An adult 'sleep cycle' - the transitions between deep and light sleep - normally lasts about 90 minutes. We go through several such cycles every night. Your newborn's sleep cycle, however, lasts for only 45-55 minutes.

A newborn baby's stomach is very small - about the size of a marble at birth. Because of this, even a fully-fed baby cannot hold food to sustain them for more than a few hours. Thus, infants need to wake up every one to three hours in order to feed again.

It is not expected that a young infant will 'sleep through the night'. A baby in its first few months who is a 'good sleeper' is not one who sleeps for six to eight hours at a stretch. Rather, it is a baby who can wake up, feed and return to sleep with minimal fuss.

The good news is that after a few months, your newborn will gradually move into a more mature sleep pattern. Sleep patterns change - often just when you have finally become used to the existing pattern.

'Problem sleepers'

Every baby is unique. Different babies will have different sleeping patterns and different rates of development. About one in five babies are considered 'problem sleepers', but there is no set definition.

You may find that your infant is more than three or four months old but:

Is still not adjusting to sleeping mostly at night;
Needs a parent with them to fall asleep;
Cries when you try to leave the room;
Is having trouble going to sleep at bedtime, or;
Wakes up and has trouble falling asleep again.

The question of whether your baby is a 'problem sleeper' depends largely on your baby and your family. Some families are more accommodating of a baby's sleep preferences than others. Generally speaking, a baby is a 'problem sleeper' when their sleep routine (when otherwise healthy) is a persistent disruption to the family's conduct.

The field of infancy sleep is hotly debated even between experts, let alone parents. Faced with this debate, it is good to bear in mind that there is no universal 'solution' to infancy sleep problems. Different children may respond differently to methods, even within the same family.

It is also good to bear in mind that having a sleeping problem before six months of age does not indicate that your child will continue to experience sleep problems at a later age.

Bedtime routine

In order to encourage your baby to move into a more mature sleep pattern, you can try establishing a bedtime routine. This will signal to your baby that sleep time is approaching and prepare them for sleep. Bedtime routines can be started early, or at a later period. Remember that babies can learn, adapt and change as you change your behavior.

Steps you can take include:

During the daytime, encouraging play and activity and, when baby falls asleep, speaking at a normal voice and going about your daily activities as usual;
When bedtime approaches, moving baby into the bedroom, away from noise and bright light (such as TV);
Dimming the lights;
Speaking in a soft voice;
Changing nappy, clothes - making sure that baby is not overdressed or underdressed;
Establishing a 'pre-bedtime' routine, such as bathing, reading a story, rocking and cuddling, or singing a lullaby;
Putting your baby to bed when they are sleepy, but not yet asleep, and;
Having the baby sleep in the same room as you.

Sleep training

'Sleep training' is the name given to several techniques directed at babies who wake up often and cannot go back to sleep by themselves.

The rationale behind this approach is that a parent who rushes to a crying baby's bed is actually reinforcing the baby's unwanted behavior (crying). The parent is not allowing the baby to learn how to 'self-soothe' or 'self-settle' back to sleep without help. Thus, sleep training consists of the parent refraining from comforting a baby who has woken up and is crying.

Techniques

There are a number of sleep training techniques, including:

'Cry it out' - the most direct or extreme method, which involves leaving the child to cry until it learns to fall asleep on its own;
'Progressive waiting' - leaving the room and waiting for progressively longer periods of time before returning to calm your crying baby, and;
Staying in the room with your crying baby, offering comfort through your presence, but no more.

Criticism and alternatives

Critics of this approach maintain that:

It has not proven effective for infants younger than six months old;
It has not been shown to improve mothers' and babies' overall mood and wellbeing;
It encourages increased crying, which drains the infant's scant energy resources and may damage its normal development;
It encourages cessation of breastfeeding, and;
It links bedtime to feelings of frustration.

Alternate methods include a variety of approaches aimed at settling a baby to sleep with parental help, comforting and guidance.

Co-sleeping

Globally, co-sleeping (baby and parent sleep together) is the most common sleeping arrangement in the world. In Western society it is less common, though it has become more popular in recent years.

Advantages of co-sleeping include:

Reduced anxiety levels for baby and parent;
Quicker access to baby, so that soothing or feeding can be done while the baby is still stirring and has not completely woken up, and;
Less need for 'fuss' (entering the child's room, lighting a light, making noise, etc.) when baby wakes.

The main disadvantages of co-sleeping are safety concerns (see 'Safety' below) and, for some parents, discomfort and sleep disturbance when sharing a sleeping space with a baby.

Safety

A safe sleeping environment

During the first six months of life, infants are at particular risk of dying while sleeping. Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is a harrowing experience and a constant worry for any parent. SUID can have a number of causes, including:

Accidental suffocation and strangulation by bedding or another object or person;
Infection;
A previously unrecognized birth defect, or;
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - when the cause of death is unknown.

Overall, about 80% of sudden unexpected infant deaths are eventually categorized as SIDS. [3 ]Researchers believe that SIDS occurs when the brain stem (which is in charge of regulating our breathing, heart rate and sleep) fails to respond well to a temporary lack of oxygen.

Adopting a safe sleep position will help reduce the chances of SIDS and of suffocation and strangulation. The safest sleep position is:

On the back (for short naps as well as longer sleep periods);
In a smoke-free environment;
In the same room with another person;
Alone in the bed/crib;
On a firm surface;
With baby's feet at or near the foot of the bed, and;
With no other objects in the bed.

A safe sleeping position for a baby is on its back.

Extreme parental emotions

Raising a new baby can be an overwhelming task, both physically and emotionally. It is common for a parent to find themselves exhausted and frustrated when dealing with a baby who will not sleep or stop crying. In some cases, these feelings can cause parents to act irrationally and harm their babies by shaking or hitting them.

In such situations, it is the parent who is, temporarily, the greatest source of danger to the infant. It is therefore important for the parent to recognize when they are nearing such an extreme state of mind and react accordingly. You can try putting the baby down safely and leaving the room for a short while in order to calm down and compose yourself. If possible, seek help from family, friends or a helpline. In situations where you believe your baby is at risk of harm it is important that you seek professional medical help.

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